Answer :
The limiting reactant is Ca₃(PO₄)₂.
To determine the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction, we need to compare the amount of moles of each reactant and see which one is completely consumed first.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is:
3Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 2H₂SO₄ → 6CaSO₄ + H₄P₂O₇
First, let's convert the given masses of each reactant to moles:
moles of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ = 129 g / (3 x 310.18 g/mol) = 0.139 mol
moles of H₂SO₄ = 97.4 g / (2 x 98.08 g/mol) = 0.993 mol
According to the balanced chemical equation, it takes 3 moles of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and 2 moles of H₂SO₄ to produce the products. So, we need to multiply the amount of moles of each reactant by the appropriate stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced equation to see which reactant is completely consumed first:
For Ca₃(PO₄)₂: 0.139 mol x (2/3) = 0.093 mol of H₂SO₄ required
For H₂SO₄: 0.993 mol x (3/2) = 1.49 mol of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ required
From the above calculations, we can see that 0.139 mol of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ require 0.093 mol of H₂SO₄ for complete reaction. But we have 0.993 mol of H₂SO₄ available which is much greater than the required amount of H₂SO₄. Therefore, the limiting reactant is Ca₃(PO₄)₂.
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