Answer :
Final answer:
The process whereby supercooled water droplets freeze onto ice crystals is known as riming, crucial for snow formation and artificial rainfall induction.
Explanation:
The Process of Supercooled Water Droplets Freezing onto Ice Crystals
The process whereby supercooled water droplets freeze onto ice crystals is called riming. When supercooled droplets come into contact with ice crystals in a cloud, they freeze upon impact and form a fast-growing mass, thereby increasing the size of the ice crystals. This process is essential to the formation of precipitation, particularly snow, and is also relevant to the artificial induction of rainfall where substances such as dry ice (solid CO₂) are introduced into clouds to promote the formation of ice crystals and thus precipitation.
It's important to recognize that supercooling effects can significantly influence Earth's climate. In the atmosphere, supercooled water droplets persist in liquid form down to about -10°C, and they require nuclei to transition into ice crystals, which are more effective in creating rainfall. The introduction of dry ice into clouds is based on the principle of heat absorption through the process of sublimation, assisting in the cooling of water droplets for them to crystallize.
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