Answer :
Positive-pressure ventilation is a method of providing artificial ventilation to a patient. Let's analyze the statements to determine which one is correct.
a) Unlike negative-pressure ventilation, positive-pressure ventilation does not affect the esophageal opening pressure.
This statement is incorrect. Positive-pressure ventilation does affect the esophageal opening pressure. When positive pressure is applied to the airway, it increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity, including the esophagus. This can lead to an increase in esophageal opening pressure.
b) Positive-pressure ventilation allows blood to naturally be pulled back to the heart from the body.
This statement is incorrect. Positive-pressure ventilation does not allow blood to naturally be pulled back to the heart from the body. In positive-pressure ventilation, air is forced into the lungs, which helps to inflate the lungs and provide oxygen to the body. However, it does not directly affect the movement of blood back to the heart.
c) With positive-pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing.
This statement is correct. In positive-pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing. This is because positive pressure must be applied to overcome the resistance in the airways and inflate the lungs. In normal breathing, the negative pressure created by the diaphragm and chest muscles allows the lungs to expand more easily.
d) To prevent hypotension, the EMT should increase the rate and force of positive-pressure ventilation.
This statement is incorrect. Increasing the rate and force of positive-pressure ventilation may not prevent hypotension. In fact, it can potentially worsen the condition. Hypotension, or low blood pressure, can have various causes, and increasing the rate and force of ventilation may not address the underlying cause of the hypotension. It is important for the EMT to assess the patient's condition and consult with medical professionals to determine the appropriate course of action.
In summary, the correct statement regarding positive-pressure ventilation is that more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing. The other statements are incorrect.
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