Answer :
The timeline of the history of management theory can be divided into several key periods, each with its accompanying historical events:
1. Classical Management (late 1800s - early 1900s): This period focused on improving efficiency and productivity. Key contributors included Frederick Taylor, who introduced scientific management, and Henri Fayol, who proposed general management principles.
2. Human Relations Movement (1930s - 1940s): This period emphasized the importance of social factors and employee satisfaction. The Hawthorne Studies, conducted by Elton Mayo, demonstrated the impact of worker morale and group dynamics on performance.
3. Quantitative Management (1950s - 1960s): The focus shifted to mathematical and statistical techniques for decision-making, such as linear programming and operations research. This period was heavily influenced by the development of computers and the growing field of management science.
4. Systems Theory (1960s - 1970s): The systems approach viewed organizations as complex systems, with various interdependent parts. This perspective highlighted the importance of understanding the relationships between different elements within an organization.
5. Contingency Theory (1970s - 1980s): This period emphasized that there is no single best way to manage an organization, as the most effective management style depends on the specific situation and external factors. Notable figures include Fred Fiedler, who developed the Fiedler Contingency Model.
6. Modern Management Theories (1990s - present): This period is characterized by a variety of approaches and frameworks, such as learning organizations, total quality management, and strategic management. The focus has been on innovation, adaptability, and continuous improvement in an increasingly complex and globalized environment.
These key periods and historical events provide an overview of the evolution of management theory over time, highlighting the continuous development of new ideas and practices.
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Answer:can see when individual steps will take place and when the whole project will be wrapped up
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