Answer :
The transformation of waste can indeed be beneficial. Recycling can reduce environmental contamination and is more economical than raw material extraction, thus making policies to enforce it sound. However, recycling is not a complete solution and should accompany reduced primary material production. So, the correct option is 1) True.
Transforming waste can indeed be beneficial. This statement is true. In terms of economic perspective, although achieving zero pollution is an ideal goal, it is not always feasible due to technological and financial constraints. However, recycling and waste transformation efforts can be economically sound policies. Recycling can be more cost-effective compared to the extraction of raw materials and can reduce environmental contamination. Hence, making it a mandatory practice could be considered an effective approach towards sustainability.
While waste is an inherent byproduct of industrial processes, how it is managed is crucial. Recycling, reusing, or recovering waste can have significant benefits. For example, food waste can be used as a feedstock for compost or energy production, and certain ferns can help remove heavy metals from soil. But even recycling has its limitations and is not a perfect solution; it should ideally lead to a reduction in primary material production to be truly beneficial.
Overall, humanity needs to adopt practices that align with natural systems where there is no concept of waste - only a cycle of continuous use and reuse. Transforming waste into resources is key to maintaining a livable and sustainable environment and can lead to a reduction in the adverse effects of pollution and resource extraction. So, the correct option is 1) True.
