Answer :
Final answer:
The chemical reaction between aluminum hydroxide and sulfuric acid produces water as a product. By calculating the number of moles of each reactant, the limiting reactant is determined to be sulfuric acid. Thus, the total mass of water produced is 18.0 g.
Explanation:
This question is related to a chemical reaction where aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) reacts with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). According to the balanced equation Al(OH)₃ + 3H₂SO₄ -> Al(SO₄)₃ + 6H₂O, 1 mol of Al(OH)₃ reacts with 3 mol of H₂SO₄ to produce 6 mol of water. Now we need to determine the limiting reactant - the substance which is used up first.
First, calculate the number of moles for Al(OH)₃ and H₂SO₄. The moles of Al(OH)₃ = mass/molar mass = 78.0g/78.0 g/mol = 1 mol. And the moles of H₂SO₄ = mass/molar mass = 49.0g/98.1 g/mol = 0.5 mol. According to the stoichiometry, we need 3 moles of H₂SO₄ for each 1 mol of Al(OH)₃. Therefore, H₂SO₄ is the limiting reactant, since we have less than the required amount.
Finally, according to the balanced reaction 3 moles of H₂SO₄ produces 6 moles of water. So, 0.5 mol of H₂SO₄ will produce 0.5 * 6/3 = 1 mol of water. Given that the molar mass of water is 18.0 g/mol, the mass of water produced is 1 mol * 18.0 g/mol = 18.0 g.
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