Answer :
Bomb Calorimeter: The Bomb calorimeter is a device used to determine the heat of combustion for organic material or fuels. Heat is given out by the burning process, and the quantity of heat produced can be used to evaluate the fuel's heating value (calorific value). The fuel is burnt in a high-pressure oxygen environment within the calorimeter, and the temperature rise produced by the combustion is measured. The heat transfer capacity of the calorimeter, the heat capacity of the calorimeter, and the heat of combustion are all factors that must be considered in the bomb calorimeter's operation.
Method of Calibration:
The calorimeter must be calibrated by adding a small amount of benzoic acid (usually 1.5g) of known calorific value to the combustion cell. The bomb is filled with 30 atmospheres of pure oxygen and the benzoic acid is ignited, causing it to combust within the bomb and producing heat. The heat produced is absorbed by the calorimeter and is recorded, and the results of the benzoic acid's combustion are compared to the value given in literature to calculate a correction value. This correction factor can then be used in the analysis of unknown fuels to compensate for the calorimeter's thermal losses.
The Orsat Gas Analyser:
The Orsat gas analyser is an instrument used to measure the concentration of gases in a flue gas sample. This instrument is used to determine the amount of oxygen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide produced by a combustion reaction. A sample of the flue gas is extracted and passed through a series of chemical agents that absorb the gases of interest, the remaining gas is then analysed to determine the gas concentration. The Orsat analyser is used to ensure that combustion is complete and that toxic gases such as carbon monoxide are not being produced. It can also be used to optimize fuel to air ratios to maximise combustion efficiency.
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