Answer :
Final answer:
Radiation is detected and measured using gas-filled detectors like Geiger counters, scintillation counters, and radiation dosimeters. A Geiger counter, an example of a gas-filled detector, measures ionization in a tube, while scintillation counters use a luminescent material and light sensor for detection.
Explanation:
Types of Radiation Detectors
There are various detectors utilized for the detection and measurement of radiation. The common types include:
- Gas-filled detectors: These detectors have a gas-filled tube where ionization occurs when radiation is presented. Ion pairs created lead to a measurable current. Geiger counters and proportional counters fall into this category.
- Scintillation counters: These use a scintillator material, which luminesces upon radiation exposure, along with a sensor to convert the light into electrical signals.
- Radiation dosimeters: Devices like electronic, film badge, thermoluminescent, and quartz fiber dosimeters are used to measure radiation exposure.
In a Geiger-Müller counter, radiation ionizes the gas in the Geiger-Müller tube, creating a proportionate rate of ionization to the radiation present. Meanwhile, a scintillator in scintillation counters emits light when excited by radiation, which is then measured.
