Answer :
Final answer:
The maximum beneficial effects of PEEP are seen with low tidal volume ventilation, as it prevents alveolar collapse and improves oxygenation without causing lung overdistention.The correct answer is:1) Low tidal volume ventilation.
Explanation:
The maximum beneficial effects of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) occur at low tidal volume ventilation. PEEP is applied in mechanical ventilation to prevent alveolar collapse at the end of expiration and improve oxygenation. By optimizing the functional residual capacity (FRC), PEEP helps to keep the alveoli open without overdistending them, which is particularly important when using low tidal volumes to minimize lung injury.
PEEP assists in maintaining oxygenation by increasing the FRC, which is the volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a passive expiration. Higher levels of PEEP may be used with low tidal volume ventilation strategies, especially in the setting of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), to improve oxygenation while minimizing ventilator-associated lung injury.
In contrast, high tidal volume ventilation may lead to overdistention of the lungs and barotrauma, where the protective role of PEEP is less pronounced. No PEEP, or the absence of PEEP, can lead to atelectasis and poor oxygenation, thus it is not the condition under which PEEP's benefits are maximized.
