Answer :
Final answer:
The Venturi effect is responsible for the entrainment of room air into the delivered jet ventilation cycle, which results in a delivered gas mixture with less than 100% oxygen due to the design of the Venturi constriction which creates a drop in pressure and thus air entrainment.
Explanation:
The Venturi effect describes the entrainment of room air along with each delivered jet ventilation cycle. In the setting of supraglottic jet ventilation, this will always result in the delivered gas containing less than 100% oxygen. The Venturi effect occurs because of a constriction in the tubing, known as a Venturi constriction, which is designed to enhance entrainment. This constriction causes an increase in the velocity of the gas passing through, which leads to a drop in pressure at the constriction point. As a result of this lower pressure, ambient air is drawn into the stream of the delivered gas, diluting it and reducing the oxygen concentration below 100%.
Entrainment devices like Bunsen burners, atomizers, aspirators, and other systems leverage this principle to mix fluids by creating an area of low pressure that draws in another fluid. In medical settings, particularly in the respiratory domain, careful consideration of this effect is crucial to ensure appropriate gas delivery and patient safety.
