Answer :
Final answer:
Respiratory acidosis is an overly acidic blood condition resulting from too much carbonic acid or CO₂, commonly caused by respiratory issues, whereas respiratory alkalosis is an overly alkaline blood condition due to hyperventilation leading to excessive exhaled CO₂. Both conditions indicate a disruption in the balance of acids and bases in the body.
Explanation:
Respiratory acidosis is a condition that occurs when there is excessive carbonic acid or CO₂ in the blood, making it overly acidic. This condition is usually caused by anything that hinders normal respiration, leading to an increase of CO₂ in the blood. Situations like diseases including pneumonia, emphysema, and congestive heart failure, could lead to respiratory acidosis.
In contrast, respiratory alkalosis is a situation where there's a deficiency in carbonic acid and CO₂ levels, causing the blood to be overly alkaline. This condition is usually due to hyperventilation, leading to excessive CO₂ exhaled from the lungs. Factors that could increase respiratory rate, therefore, causing hyperventilation include extreme emotional upset, fear, fever, infections, hypoxia, or elevated levels of catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. Notably, an overdose of aspirin can result in respiratory alkalosis as the body tries to compensate for initial acidosis.
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