What are potential adverse effects of excessive ventilation during CPR? Option 1: Increasing cardiac output, Reducing blood pressure, Increasing oxygenation Option 2: Gastric distention, Decreasing cardiac output, Reducing oxygenation Option 3: Hyperventilation, Decreasing cardiac output, Reducing blood pressure Option 4: Increasing cardiac output, Gastric distention, Hyperventilation

Excessive ventilation during CPR can cause gastric distention, decreased cardiac output, and reduced oxygenation due to hyperventilation and increased intrathoracic pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is option 2: Gastric distention, Decreasing cardiac output, Reducing oxygenation.

Explanation:

The adverse effects of excessive ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) include mainly Gastric

distention, Decreasing cardiac output, and Reducing oxygenation.

During CPR, hyperventilation or excessive ventilation can lead to excessive air being forced into the patient's stomach rather than their lungs called gastric distention which can impede effective chest compressions and cause regurgitation and aspiration.

Also, excessive ventilation leads to reduced cardiac output as a result of increased intrathoracic pressure which decreases venous return to the heart.

Furthermore, it may reduce oxygenation by causing alveolar collapse and diminishing venous return to the heart.

Understanding the underlying mechanisms such as hyperventilation and hypercapnia further highlights the importance of controlled ventilation during the CPR process to prevent these negative effects.

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