Answer :
Final answer:
Apneic birds can be safely and effectively ventilated using anesthetic machines or mask ventilation. Anesthetic machines deliver oxygen and volatile anesthetic agents, while mask ventilation involves the use of a face mask connected to an oxygen supply.
Explanation:
Besides tracheal intubation, other safe and effective means to ventilate an apneic bird include the use of 'anesthetic machines' and 'mask ventilation'. Anesthetic machines, especially those designed for small animals, can be used to deliver oxygen and volatile anesthetic agents to birds. This not only provides ventilation but also maintain anesthesia during surgical procedures. Mask ventilation, on the other hand, involve the use of a face mask which is tightly fit over the bird’s beak, and this mask is connected to an oxygen supply. The mask would typically have a one-way valve to prevent exhaled gases from being inhaled again.
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