Answer :
Answer:
Final answer:
Fc-E-RI-expressing cells release Th1 cytokines, parazyme antibodies, capsular proteins, and opsonins when attacking a helminth. Th1 cytokines help activate other immune cells and promote inflammation. Parazyme antibodies target and neutralize helminths. Capsular proteins form a protective capsule around the helminth, preventing its escape. Opsonins enhance the process of phagocytosis, aiding in the elimination of the helminth.
Explanation:
When Fc-E-RI-expressing cells, such as mast cells and basophils, are activated to attack a helminth, they release various substances to combat the infection.
One of the substances released is Th1 cytokines. These cytokines are signaling molecules that help activate other immune cells and promote an inflammatory response. By triggering inflammation, Th1 cytokines attract more immune cells to the site of infection, enhancing the immune response against the helminth.
Another substance released by Fc-E-RI-expressing cells is parazyme antibodies. These antibodies are specifically designed to target and neutralize helminths. They bind to the surface of the helminth, preventing it from causing further damage and aiding in its elimination.
Fc-E-RI-expressing cells also release capsular proteins. These proteins form a protective capsule around the helminth, preventing its escape from the immune system. The capsule acts as a barrier, making it more difficult for the helminth to evade immune detection and clearance.
Lastly, Fc-E-RI-expressing cells release opsonins. Opsonins are molecules that enhance the process of phagocytosis, which is the engulfment and destruction of pathogens by immune cells. Opsonins coat the surface of the helminth, making it more recognizable and easier for immune cells to engulf and eliminate.
Learn more about substances released by fc-e-ri-expressing cells during helminth attack here:
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