Answer :
The local matching of blood flow with ventilation is known as ventilation-perfusion coupling. The correct option is A).
Ventilation-perfusion coupling refers to the process by which the ventilation of air in the lungs is matched with the perfusion (blood flow) in the pulmonary capillaries. It ensures that the areas of the lung receiving adequate ventilation also receive an appropriate amount of blood flow, allowing for efficient gas exchange.
During normal respiration, air enters the lungs and reaches the alveoli, where oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed. For efficient gas exchange to occur, the ventilation (airflow) and perfusion (blood flow) need to be properly matched. Ventilation-perfusion coupling achieves this coordination.
If there is a mismatch between ventilation and perfusion, such as decreased airflow in a particular region of the lung without a corresponding decrease in blood flow, or vice versa, it can lead to impaired gas exchange and reduced oxygenation of the blood.
The process of ventilation-perfusion coupling is regulated by various factors, including local control mechanisms such as the release of vasoactive substances in response to changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. These mechanisms help to optimize gas exchange by directing blood flow to well-ventilated areas of the lung.
In summary, ventilation-perfusion coupling is the local matching of blood flow with ventilation in the lungs, ensuring that well-ventilated areas receive adequate blood supply for efficient gas exchange. Option A is the correct one.
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